Earliest fossil evidence of an insect lichen mimic

Date:
September 1, 2020
Source:
eLife
Summary:
Scientists have uncovered the earliest known evidence of an insect
mimicking a lichen as a survival strategy.



FULL STORY ========================================================================== Scientists have uncovered the earliest known evidence of an insect
mimicking a lichen as a survival strategy, according to new findings
published today in eLife.


==========================================================================
The study suggests that the Jurassic moth lacewing Lichenipolystoechotes mimicked the fossil lichen Daohugouthallus to help conceal itself from predators. This interaction predates modern lichen-insect associations
by 165 million years, indicating that the lichen-insect mimicry (or
'mimesis') system was well established during the mid-Mesozoic period
and provided lacewings with highly-honed survival strategies.

Animals sometimes mimic other organisms or use camouflage to deceive
predators.

Lichens, which consist of a fungus and alga living in close proximity, sometimes have a plant-like appearance and are occasionally mimicked
by modern animals and insects. One of the most well-known cases of a lichen-insect association is when the peppered moth acquired a mutation
that turned it black during the Industrial Revolution in Britain, allowing
the moth to blend in with tree trunks and lichen darkened by soot.

"As lichen models are almost absent in the fossil record of mimesis,
it is still unclear as to when and how the mimicry association between
lichen and insect first arose," explains lead author Hui Fang, a PhD
student at the College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China. "The key to answer
this question is to find early examples of a lichen-like insect and a co-occuring lichen fossil." Fang and her team discovered deposits at the Daohugou 1 locality of Inner Mongolia in northeastern China that showed
the 165-million-year-old lichen mimesis. The samples involved two lacewing species resembling a co-existing lichen from the latest Middle Jurassic.

After confirming the occurrence of the Jurassic lichen, the team
then documented this mimetic relationship by describing structural
similarities and detailed measurements of the lacewing and lichen. Their results suggest that when the lacewings rested in a lichen-rich habitat,
a near-perfect match of their appearances would assist the insects'
concealment from predators.

"Our findings indicate that a micro-ecosystem consisting of lichens and
insects existed 165 million years ago in Northeastern China," concludes
senior author Yongjie Wang, Associated Professor at the College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal
University, Beijing. "This adds to our current understanding of the interactions between insects and their surroundings in the Mesozoic Era,
and implies that there are many more interesting insect relationships
awaiting discovery."

========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by eLife. Note: Content may be edited
for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Hui Fang, Conrad C Labandeira, Yiming Ma, Bingyu Zheng, Dong
Ren, Xinli
Wei, Jiaxi Liu, Yongjie Wang. Lichen mimesis in mid-Mesozoic
lacewings.

eLife, 2020; 9 DOI: 10.7554/eLife.59007 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/09/200901130719.htm

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