Humans and monkeys show similar thinking patterns
The neural computations of human and non-human primates shed new light on
the evolution of language

Date:
June 29, 2020
Source:
University of California - Berkeley
Summary:
Humans and monkeys may not speak the same lingo, but our ways of
thinking are a lot more similar than previously thought, according
to new research.



FULL STORY ========================================================================== [Rhesus macaque (stock | Credit: (c) donyanedomam / stock.adobe.com]
Rhesus macaque (stock image).

Credit: (c) donyanedomam / stock.adobe.com [Rhesus macaque (stock |
Credit: (c) donyanedomam / stock.adobe.com] Rhesus macaque (stock image).

Credit: (c) donyanedomam / stock.adobe.com Close Humans and monkeys may
not speak the same lingo, but our ways of thinking are a lot more similar
than previously thought, according to new research from UC Berkeley,
Harvard University and Carnegie Mellon University.


==========================================================================
In experiments on 100 study participants across age groups, cultures and species, researchers found that indigenous Tsimane' people in Bolivia's
Amazon rainforest, American adults and preschoolers and macaque monkeys
all show, to varying degrees, a knack for "recursion," a cognitive process
of arranging words, phrases or symbols in a way that helps convey complex commands, sentiments and ideas.

The findings, published today (Friday, June 26) in the journal Science Advances, shed new light on our understanding of the evolution of
language, researchers said.

"For the first time, we have strong empirical evidence about patterns
of thinking that come naturally to probably all humans and, to a lesser
extent, non-human primates," said study co-author Steven Piantadosi,
a UC Berkeley assistant professor of psychology.

Indeed, the monkeys were found to perform far better in the tests than
the researchers had predicted.

"Our data suggest that, with sufficient training, monkeys can learn
to represent a recursive process, meaning that this ability may not
be as unique to humans as is commonly thought," said Sam Cheyette,
a Ph.D. student in Piantadosi's lab and co-author of the study.



========================================================================== Known in linguistics as "nested structures," recursive phrases within
phrases are crucial to syntax and semantics in human language. A simple
example is a British nursery rhyme that talks about "the dog that worried
the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house that
Jack built." Researchers tested the recursive skills of 10 U.S. adults,
50 preschoolers and kindergarteners, 37 members of the Tsimane' and
three male macaque monkeys.

First, all participants were trained to memorize different sequences
of symbols in a particular order. Specifically, they learned sequences
such as { ( ) } or { [ ] }, which are analogous to some linguistic
nested structures.

Participants from the U.S. and monkeys used a large touchscreen monitor
to memorize the sequences. They heard a ding if they got a symbol in
the right place, a buzzer if they got it wrong and a chime if the whole sequence was correct. The monkeys received snacks or juice as positive feedback.

Meanwhile, the Tsimane' participants, who are less accustomed to
interacting with computers, were tested with paper index cards and given
verbal feedback.

Next, all participants were asked to place, in the right order, four
images from different groupings shown in random order on the screen.

To varying degrees, the participants all arranged their new lists in
recursive structures, which is remarkable given that "Tsimane' adults, preschool children and monkeys, who lack formal mathematics and reading training, had never been exposed to such stimuli before testing," the
study noted.

"These results are convergent with recent findings that monkeys can
learn other kinds of structures found in human grammar," Piantadosi said.

The study's senior author is Jessica Cantlon at Carnegie Mellon University
in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.


========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by
University_of_California_-_Berkeley. Original written by Yasmin
Anwar. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Stephen Ferrigno, Samuel J. Cheyette, Steven T. Piantadosi,
Jessica F.

Cantlon. Recursive sequence generation in monkeys, children,
U.S. adults, and native Amazonians. Science Advances, 2020; 6
(26): eaaz1002 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz1002 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/06/200629090018.htm

--- up 22 weeks, 6 days, 2 hours, 38 minutes
* Origin: -=> Castle Rock BBS <=- Now Husky HPT Powered! (1337:3/111)