To improve students' mental health, study finds, teach them to breathe


Date:
July 31, 2020
Source:
Yale University
Summary:
When college students learn specific techniques for managing stress
and anxiety, their well-being improves across a range of measures
and leads to better mental health, a new study finds.



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
When college students learn specific techniques for managing stress and anxiety, their wellbeing improves across a range of measures and leads
to better mental health, a new Yale study finds.


==========================================================================
The research team evaluated three classroom-based wellness training
programs that incorporate breathing and emotional intelligence strategies, finding that two led to improvements in aspects of wellbeing. The most effective program led to improvements in six areas, including depression
and social connectedness.

The researchers, who reported findings in the July 15 edition of Frontiers
in Psychiatry, said such resiliency training programs could be a valuable
tool for addressing the mental health crisis on university campuses.

"In addition to academic skills, we need to teach students how to live
a balanced life," said Emma Seppa"la", lead author and faculty director
of the Women's Leadership Program at Yale School of Management. "Student
mental health has been on the decline over the last 10 years, and with
the pandemic and racial tensions, things have only gotten worse."
Researchers at the Yale Child Study Center and the Yale Center for
Emotional Intelligence (YCEI) conducted the study, which tested three skill-building training programs on 135 undergraduate subjects for
eight weeks (30 hours total), and measured results against those of a non-intervention control group.

They found that a training program called SKY Campus Happiness, developed
by the Art of Living Foundation, which relies on a breathing technique
called SKY Breath Meditation, yoga postures, social connection, and
service activities, was most beneficial. Following the SKY sessions,
students reported improvements in six areas of wellbeing: depression,
stress, mental health, mindfulness, positive affect, and social
connectedness.



==========================================================================
A second program called Foundations of Emotional Intelligence, developed
by the YCEI, resulted in one improvement: greater mindfulness -- the
ability for students to be present and enjoy the moment.

A third program called Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, which relies
heavily on mindfulness techniques, resulted in no reported improvements.

In all, 135 Yale undergraduate students participated in the study. Across college campuses, there has been a significant rise in student depression, anxiety, and demand for mental health services. From 2009 to 2014,
students seeking treatment from campus counseling centers rose by 30%,
though enrollment increased by just 6% on average. Fifty-seven percent of counseling center directors indicated that their resources are insuf?cient
to meet students' needs.

The researchers say resiliency training tools can address the
overburdening of campus counseling centers directly. In the
sessions. "Students learn tools they can use for the rest of their
lives to continue to improve and maintain their mental health," said
co-first author Christina Bradley '16 B.S., currently a Ph.D. student
at University of Michigan.

Researchers administered the training sessions in person, but the courses
can also be taken remotely.

"Continually adding staff to counseling and psychiatric services to meet
demand is not financially sustainable -- and universities are realizing
this," Seppa"la" said. "Evidence-based resiliency programs can help
students help themselves." Davornne Lindo '22 B.A., a member of the
Yale track team who participated in the SKY Campus Happiness program,
said practicing breathing techniques helped her to manage stress from both academics and athletics. "Now that I have these techniques to help me, I
would say that my mentality is a lot healthier," Lindo said. "I can devote
time to studying and not melting down. Races have gone better. Times are dropping." Another participant in the SKY program, Anna Wilkinson '22
B.A., said she was not familiar with the positive benefits of breathing exercises before the training, but now uses the technique regularly.

"I didn't realize how much of it was physiology, how you control the
things inside you with breathing," Wilkinson said. "I come out of
breathing and meditation as a happier, more balanced person, which is
something I did not expect at all."

========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by Yale_University. Original written
by Brita Belli. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Emma M. Seppa"la", Christina Bradley, Julia Moeller, Leilah Harouni,
Dhruv Nandamudi, Marc A. Brackett. Promoting Mental Health and
Psychological Thriving in University Students: A Randomized
Controlled Trial of Three Well-Being Interventions. Frontiers in
Psychiatry, 2020; 11 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00590 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/07/200731135555.htm

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