Fear of stricter regulations spurs gun sales after mass shootings, new analysis suggests

Date:
August 11, 2020
Source:
Cell Press
Summary:
Researchers used data science to study why gun sales tend to go up
after a mass shooting. By working with spatio-temporal data from all
the states in the United States, they determined that the increase
in firearm purchases after mass shootings is driven by a concern
about regulations rather than a perceived need for protection.



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
It's commonly known that gun sales go up after a mass shooting, but two competing hypotheses have been put forth to explain why that's the case:
is it because people fear more violence and want to protect themselves,
or is it because mass shootings trigger discussions about tighter gun regulations, which sends people out to stock up? In a new study appearing August 11 in the journal Patterns, investigators used data science to
study this phenomenon. By working with spatio-temporal data from all the
states in the US, they determined that the increase in firearm purchases
after mass shootings is driven by a concern about regulations rather
than a perceived need for protection.


========================================================================== "It's been well documented that mass shootings are linked to increases
in firearm purchases, but the motivation behind this connection has been understudied," says first author Maurizio Porfiri, Institute Professor at
the New York University Tandon School of Engineering, who is currently
on research sabbatical at the Technical University of Cartagena in
Spain. "Previous research on this topic has been done mostly from the perspective of social science. We instead used a data-science approach." Porfiri and his colleagues employed a statistical method called transfer entropy analysis, which is used to study large, complex systems like
financial markets and climate-change models. With this approach, two
variables are defined, and then computational techniques are used to
determine if the future of one of them can be predicted by the past
of the other. "This is a step above studying correlation," Porfiri
explains. "It's actually looking at causation.

Unique to this study is the analysis of spatio-temporal data, by
examining the behavior of all the US states" The data that were put into consideration came from several sources: FBI background checks, which
enabled the approximation of monthly gun sales by state; a Washington
Post database on mass shootings; and news coverage about mass shooting
from five major newspapers around the country. The news stories were
put in two categories: those that mentioned gun regulations and those
that didn't. In all, the study used data related to 87 mass shootings
that occurred in the United States between 1999 and 2017.

The researchers also rated individual states by how restrictive their
gun laws are. "We expected to find that gun sales increased in states
that have more permissive gun laws, but it was less expected in states
with restrictive laws.

We saw it in both," Porfiri says. "Also, when we looked at particular geographic areas, we didn't find any evidence that gun sales increased
when mass shootings happened nearby." He adds that one limitation of
the data is that news coverage may not fully capture public sentiment
at a given time. In addition, although the study was successful in
determining causal links among states, more work is needed to study the
nature of these relationships, especially when one has laws that are
much more restrictive than another Porfiri usually uses computational
systems to study topics related to engineering, including ionic polymer
metal composites and underwater robots.

His reason for studying mass shootings is personal: he received his PhD
in 2006 from Virginia Tech, which, the following year, was the site
where -- at that time -- the deadliest mass shooting in the country
took place. One member of his PhD committee was killed in the shooting,
and he knew many others who were deeply affected.

For him, this project is part of a larger effort to study gun
violence. "Mass shootings are a small part of death from guns," Porfiri
says. "Suicide and homicide are much more common. But mass shootings
are an important catalyst for a larger discussion. I plan to look
at the wider role of guns in the future." This study is part of the collaborative activities carried out under the programs of the region
of Murcia (Spain): "Groups of Excellence of the region of Murcia, the Fundacio'n Se'neca, Science and Technology Agency" project 19884/GERM/15
and "Call for Fellowships for Guest Researcher Stays at Universities and
OPIS" project 21144/IV/19. The researcher was also supported by the New
York University Research Challenge Fund Program and Mitsui-USA foundation.


========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by Cell_Press. Note: Content may be
edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Maurizio Porfiri, Roni Barak-Ventura, Manuel Ruiz
Mari'n. Self-Protection
versus Fear of Stricter Firearm Regulations: Examining the
Drivers of Firearm Acquisitions in the Aftermath of a Mass
Shooting. Patterns, 2020; 100082 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2020.100082 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/08/200811120200.htm

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