Bee neighborly -- sharing bees helps more farmers

Date:
August 18, 2020
Source:
University of Minnesota
Summary:
A new article shows the benefits of cost-sharing the conservation
of wild bee habitats on agricultural lands, especially in nearby
farming communities, can help overcome the tragedy of the commons.



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
Many farmers are used to sharing big equipment -- like tractors and
other costly machinery -- with neighboring farms. Sharing cuts costs,
lowers the farmer's debt load, and increases community wellbeing. But
big machinery might not be the only opportunity for farmers to reap the benefits of cost-sharing with their neighbors. New research suggests that
the concept could also be applied to a more lively kind of agricultural resource -- wild bees.


========================================================================== "Understandably, farmers with highly valuable crops don't always want
to give up plantable space to create habitats for wild bees, especially
if their crops could be pollinated by a neighbor's bees for free," said
Eric Londsorf, lead scientist for the Natural Capital Project at the
University of Minnesota's Institute on the Environment and lead author
on the paper. "What we're proposing is that those farmers providing
bee habitat could be rewarded for doing so, to the benefit of all."
The research, published in People and Nature, was done in collaboration
with scientists at the University of Vermont. The team applied their
work to the fields of California's Central Valley, one of the nation's
top agricultural areas. They combined wild bee ecology, crop values, and
land ownership patterns to reveal the benefits to landowners of restoring
bee habitats. In Yolo County, where bee-dependent crops like berries and
nuts are worth thousands of dollars per acre, every inch of land counts.

"Bees don't pay attention to land boundaries," said Lonsdorf. "In the
current system, farmers who choose to conserve habitat for bees on
their lands are rarely recognized for the pollination benefits that
they're also providing to their neighbors." Creating wild bee habitat
on farms can be as simple as letting a small area of land remain wild,
which provides bees with a familiar sanctuary amidst rows of crops. But
there is little incentive for farmers to create space on their own lands
if the costs are greater than the benefits they'd receive from the bees,
which means that few farmers choose to sacrifice precious planting ground
for bee habitat. "We know that wild bees are essential pollinators for
many of our crops, but they also require space nearby the crops to live,
so we need to know where and how to invest." The researchers found that
if 40 percent of landowners were to provide space for wild bee habitat,
those landowners would lose one million dollars themselves, but generate
nearly two and a half million for their neighbors. If the landowners
were able to work together so that those who benefitted paid into the
cost of the bee habitat, then everyone could come out ahead.

Especially relevant in the equation is the size and patterns of farms
clustered together, which the researchers say is often overlooked in
this kind of analysis.

"This is about tackling the tragedy of the commons, the idea that what's
good for society isn't always what's good for a particular individual,"
said co- author Taylor Ricketts, Director of the Gund Institute for
Environment at the University of Vermont and co-founder of the Natural
Capital Project. "This research shows how and where working together
can really increase the benefits for everyone, and just as important:
where it won't." Ideally, the researchers would like to see their work
help inform policies that encourage cooperation and resource sharing
amongst farmers. They suggest that small groups of neighboring farmers
come together, supported by local or national agricultural agencies like
the United States Department of Agriculture, to decide how to allocate
their land and bee habitats. This common-pool resource framework can be informed by the kind of analysis done by Lonsdorf and his colleagues
so that farmers are able to make decisions that result in the highest
benefits for the group.

In an increasingly volatile economy where small savings can go a long
way, investing in shared natural resources like pollinators could be a
good choice for small-scale farmers who grow high-value crops. "It's an opportunity to overcome the tragedy of the commons," said Lonsdorf. "And
our goal is to spark the conversation."

========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by University_of_Minnesota. Note:
Content may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Eric V. Lonsdorf, Insu Koh, Taylor Ricketts. Partitioning private
and
external benefits of crop pollination services. People and Nature,
2020; DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10138 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/08/200818094022.htm

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