Desire to be in a group leads to harsher judgment of others
It's not the politics, it's the 'groupiness' that drives discrimination


Date:
August 18, 2020
Source:
Duke University
Summary:
In a time where political affiliations can feel like they're
leading to tribal warfare, a research team has found that the
desire to be part of a group is what makes some of us more
likely to discriminate against people outside our groups, even
in non-political settings. Some people are just more 'groupy'
than others.



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
If you're reluctant to identify as a Democrat or Republican even though
you are staunchly liberal or conservative, you're probably also less
prone to bias in other ways.


==========================================================================
In a time where political affiliations can feel like they're leading to
tribal warfare, a research team from Duke University's Trinity College
of Arts & Sciences has found that the desire to be part of a group is
what makes some of us more likely to discriminate against people outside
our groups, even in non- political settings.

"It's not the political group that matters, it's whether an individual
just generally seems to like being in a group," said Rachel Kranton. She
is an economist who conducted the research with Scott Huettel, a
psychologist and neuroscientist.

"Some people are 'groupy' -- they join a political party, for example,"
Kranton said. "And if you put those people in any arbitrary setting,
they'll act in a more biased way than somebody who has the same political opinions, but doesn't join a political party." The research appears this
week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Kranton and Huettel worked with Seth Sanders, formerly of Duke and now at Cornell, and Matthew Pease, a 2010 Duke graduate now at the University of Pittsburgh
Medical Center.

The team tested what they call "groupiness" with 141 participants,
using in- person research.



========================================================================== Participants were asked to allocate money to themselves and someone in
their group, or to themselves and someone outside their group. They did
this in different settings.

For one test, the participants were divided into groups according to
their self-declared political leanings. In another setting, the groups
were organized more neutrally, based on their preferences among similar
poems and paintings.

In a third test, the other recipients of the money were chosen at random.

The researchers expected to find the stronger people's opinions were
within their group, the more they would discriminate against people
outside the group.

But that wasn't the case.

What they found instead was that being more attached to the group itself
made participants more biased against people outside their groups,
regardless of the context, compared to people with similar political
beliefs but who didn't identify as Democrat or Republican.



========================================================================== "There is this very specific distinction between the self-declared
partisans and politically similar independents," Huettel said. "They don't differ in their political positions, but they do behave differently toward people who are outside their groups." A third of the participants were
not swayed at all by group membership when allocating their money. Those participants were more likely to be politically independent, the
researchers found.

"People who say they're politically independent are much less likely to
show bias in a non-political setting," Kranton said.

They also found less group-minded people made decisions faster.

"We don't know if non-groupy people are faster generally," Kranton
said. "It could be they're making decisions faster because they're not
paying attention to whether somebody is in their group or not each time
they have to make a decision." What makes people groupy? The researchers
don't know, but they did rule out some possibilities. It doesn't relate
to gender or ethnicity, for example.

"There's some feature of a person that causes them to be sensitive to
these group divisions and use them in their behavior across at least two
very different contexts," Huettel said. "We didn't test every possible
way in which people differentiate themselves; we can't show you that
all group-minded identities behave this way. But this is a compelling
first step." This research was supported by the National Institute on
Drug Abuse and the National Institute of Mental Health, both a part of
the National Institutes of Health. (DA023026, R01-108627)

========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by Duke_University. Original written
by Gregory Phillips.

Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Rachel Kranton, Matthew Pease, Seth Sanders, Scott Huettel.

Deconstructing Bias in Social Preferences Reveals Groupy and
Not-Groupy Behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences, 2020 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918952117 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/08/200818094041.htm

--- up 4 weeks, 6 days, 1 hour, 55 minutes
* Origin: -=> Castle Rock BBS <=- Now Husky HPT Powered! (1337:3/111)