Micro- and nanoplastics detectable in human tissues

Date:
August 17, 2020
Source:
American Chemical Society
Summary:
Plastic pollution is a global problem. Even when plastic bags or
water bottles break down, tiny fragments can still contaminate
the environment.

Animals and humans can ingest the particles, with uncertain health
consequences. Now, scientists report that they are among the first
to examine micro- and nanoplastics in human organs and tissues.



FULL STORY ========================================================================== Plastic pollution of land, water and air is a global problem. Even
when plastic bags or water bottles break down to the point at which
they are no longer an eyesore, tiny fragments can still contaminate the environment. Animals and humans can ingest the particles, with uncertain
health consequences. Now, scientists report that they are among the
first to examine micro- and nanoplastics in human organs and tissues.


==========================================================================
The researchers will present their results today at the American Chemical Society (ACS) Fall 2020 Virtual Meeting & Expo.

"You can find plastics contaminating the environment at virtually every location on the globe, and in a few short decades, we've gone from
seeing plastic as a wonderful benefit to considering it a threat," says
Charles Rolsky, who is presenting the work at the meeting. "There's
evidence that plastic is making its way into our bodies, but very
few studies have looked for it there. And at this point, we don't know
whether this plastic is just a nuisance or whether it represents a human
health hazard." Scientists define microplastics as plastic fragments
less than 5 mm, or about 0.2 inches, in diameter. Nanoplastics are even smaller, with diameters less than 0.001 mm. Research in wildlife and
animal models has linked micro- and nanoplastic exposure to infertility, inflammation and cancer, but health outcomes in people are currently
unknown. Previous studies have shown that plastics can pass through the
human gastrointestinal tract, but Rolsky and Varun Kelkar, who is also presenting the research at the meeting, wondered if the tiny particles accumulate in human organs. Rolsky and Kelkar are graduate students in
the lab of Rolf Halden, Ph.D., at Arizona State University.

To find out, the researchers collaborated with Diego Mastroeni, Ph.D.,
to obtain samples from a large repository of brain and body tissues
that was established to study neurodegenerative diseases, such as
Alzheimer's. The 47 samples were taken from lungs, liver, spleen and
kidneys -- four organs likely to be exposed to, filter or collect microplastics. The team developed a procedure to extract plastics from
the samples and analyze them by ?-Raman spectrometry. The researchers
also created a computer program that converted information on plastic
particle count into units of mass and surface area. They plan to share
the tool online so that other researchers can report their results in
a standardized manner. "This shared resource will help build a plastic
exposure database so that we can compare exposures in organs and groups
of people over time and geographic space," Halden says.

The method allows the researchers to detect dozens of types of
plastic components within human tissues, including polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene (PE). When paired with
a previously developed mass spectrometry assay, plastic contamination
was detected in every sample. Bisphenol A (BPA), still used in many food containers despite health concerns, was found in all 47 human samples.

To the researchers' knowledge, their study is the first to examine micro-
and nanoplastic occurrence in human organs from individuals with a known history of environmental exposure. "The tissue donors provided detailed information on their lifestyle, diet and occupational exposures," Halden
says. "Because these donors have such well-defined histories, our study provides the first clues on potential micro- and nanoplastic exposure
sources and routes." Should people be concerned about the high detection frequency of plastic components in human tissues? "We never want to be alarmist, but it is concerning that these non-biodegradable materials
that are present everywhere can enter and accumulate in human tissues,
and we don't know the possible health effects," Kelkar says. "Once we get
a better idea of what's in the tissues, we can conduct epidemiological
studies to assess human health outcomes. That way, we can start to
understand the potential health risks, if any."

========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by American_Chemical_Society. Note:
Content may be edited for style and length.


==========================================================================


Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/08/200817104325.htm

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