Unique antibody profile sets gluten sensitivity apart from Celiac
disease

Date:
August 31, 2020
Source:
Columbia University Irving Medical Center
Summary:
People with gluten sensitivity have an antibody profile that differs
from that of people with celiac disease, which could help doctors
diagnose gluten sensitivity.



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
A new study of the antibodies produced by people with gluten sensitivity
may lead to a better way to detect the condition and treat it.


========================================================================== Until recently, many doctors often dismissed the complaints of people
who claimed to be sensitive to foods containing gluten but did not have
celiac disease, a well-documented autoimmune disease triggered by exposure
to the dietary protein found in wheat, rye, and barley.

That view has changed in the past few years, based partly on studies
by Armin Alaedini, PhD, assistant professor of medicine at Columbia
University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, that have delved
into the biological basis for non-celiac gluten sensitivity.

But many aspects of non-celiac gluten sensitivity -- including what
causes it and how to diagnose it -- remain poorly understood.

The new study by Alaedini shows that people with non-celiac gluten
sensitivity, like those with celiac disease, produce a high level of anti-gluten antibodies, but the two conditions differ in the types of antibodies produced and the inflammatory responses these antibodies
can instigate.

Alaedini and his team analyzed blood samples from 40 patients with celiac disease, 80 patients with non-celiac gluten sensitivity, and 40 healthy controls, all of whom consumed an unrestricted, gluten-containing diet.

"We found that the B cells of celiac disease patients produced a
subclass profile of IgG antibodies with a strong inflammatory potential
that is linked to autoimmune activity and intestinal cell damage," says Alaedini. "In contrast, the patients with non-celiac gluten sensitivity produced IgG antibodies that are associated with a more restrained
inflammatory response." Those antibodies could be used in the future
to help physicians more easily detect people with non-celiac gluten sensitivity, which is currently difficult to diagnose.

The antibody profiles also hint at potential new therapies for celiac
disease, which is currently treated only with diet. "The data suggest
that celiac patients generate a strong B-cell inflammatory response
each time they consume gluten, whereas the immune system in people with non-celiac gluten sensitivity learns from its earlier encounters with
gluten and generates less-inflammatory responses to the antigen in
subsequent interactions." "If we can drive specific immune cells of
celiac patients toward their less inflammatory states, we may be able
to prevent or reduce the severity of the immunologic reaction to gluten."

========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by
Columbia_University_Irving_Medical_Center. Note: Content may be edited
for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Melanie Uhde, Giacomo Caio, Roberto De Giorgio, Peter H. Green,
Umberto
Volta, Armin Alaedini. Subclass Profile of IgG Antibody Response
to Gluten Differentiates Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity from
Celiac Disease.

Gastroenterology, 2020; DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.07.032 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/08/200831165706.htm

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