Heavier smoking linked to skyrocketing health risks

Date:
August 7, 2020
Source:
University of South Australia
Summary:
Each cigarette smoked a day by heavier smokers increases the risk
of contracting some diseases by more than 30 per cent, according
to a new study.



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
Each cigarette smoked a day by heavier smokers increases the risk of contracting some diseases by more than 30 per cent, according to a new international study published today.


==========================================================================
The Australian Centre for Precision Health based at the University of
South Australia led the study, which links heavier smoking* with 28
separate health conditions, revealing a 17-fold increase in emphysema,
8-fold increase in atherosclerosis (clogged arteries) and a 6.5-fold
higher incidence of lung cancer.

The findings, published in EClinicalMedicine, analysed hospital data
and mortality statistics from more than 152,483 ever* smokers in the UK
Biobank to look how heavier smoking affects disease risks.

Chief Investigator, UniSA Professor Elina Hypponen, says the risk of
suffering respiratory diseases, cancers and cardiovascular diseases
increased with each cigarette smoked per day.

The links between heavier smoking and emphysema, heart disease, pneumonia
and respiratory cancers were particularly high, but the researchers
also found associations with many other respiratory diseases, renal
failure, septicaemia, eye disorders, and complications of surgery or
medical procedures.

"Tobacco smoking is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide
and smokers typically die 10 years earlier than non-smokers," Professor Hypponen says.



========================================================================== "Despite a global decline in smoking over the last 20 years, an estimated
20 per cent of the world's population aged over 15 years are still
smoking tobacco." In the US alone, smokers number 40 million, with 16
million of those living with a disease caused by smoking. This costs
their economy more than $300 billion per annum," Prof Hypponen says.

The most recent statistics from Australia show that about 13.8 per cent
of its adult population (2.6 million people) are daily smokers. Despite
a 10 per cent reduction since1995, smoking is estimated to kill 19,000 Australians a year, accounting for nine per cent of the total burden of
disease and $137 billion in annual medical costs.

Several known smoking outcomes, including stroke, were not identified in
the study, which only counted cases above 200 for each health condition.

"We only looked at how heavier smoking further affects diseases risks
in a group of people who are all at least past smokers, so compared to
never smokers, the health effects are going to be even more notable. Other factors, including when people start smoking or how long they have smoked,
may also affect the health consequences arising from smoking," Professor Hypponen says.



==========================================================================
"In the past 20 years, the proportion of people smoking a pack or more per
day has decreased in countries such as the US and Australia, while there
has been an increase in those smoking less than 10 cigarettes per day.

"While this reflects progress, our study shows that each additional
cigarette smoked matters, notably increasing the risks of cancer,
respiratory, circulatory and many other diseases." Notes: "Mendelian randomization case-control PheWAS in UK Biobank shows evidence of
causality for smoking intensity in 28 distinct clinical conditions"
is published in EClinicalMedicine.

The authors are Professor Elina Hypponen, Dr Catherine King, Dr Anwar
Mulugeta, Farhana Nabi, Ang Zhou (all from the Australian Centre for
Precision Health, University of South Australia) and Professor Robert
Walton from Queen Mary University of London.

*Ever smokers include people who have smoked in the past.

*A daily smoker is classified as someone who smokes regularly, at
least one cigarette a day. Light smokers on average smoke less than 10 cigarettes a day, moderate smokers 10 to 19 cigarettes a day and 20 or
more cigarettes a day is classified as heavy smoking.


========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by University_of_South_Australia. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Catherine King, Anwar Mulugeta, Farhana Nabi, Robert Walton,
Ang Zhou,
Elina Hyppo"nen. Mendelian randomization case-control PheWAS in
UK Biobank shows evidence of causality for smoking intensity in 28
distinct clinical conditions. EClinicalMedicine, 2020; 100488 DOI:
10.1016/ j.eclinm.2020.100488 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/08/200807102335.htm

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