Twitter posts reveal polarization in Congress on COVID-19
Study shows how quickly parties diverged on pandemic

Date:
June 24, 2020
Source:
Ohio State University
Summary:
The rapid politicization of the COVID-19 pandemic can be seen in
messages members of the US Congress sent about the issue on the
social media site Twitter, a new analysis found. Using artificial
intelligence and resources from the Ohio Supercomputer Center,
researchers conducted an analysis that covered all 30,887 tweets
that members sent about COVID-19 from the first one on Jan. 17
through March 31.



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
The rapid politicization of the COVID-19 pandemic can be seen in messages members of the U.S. Congress sent about the issue on the social media
site Twitter, a new analysis found.


========================================================================== Using artificial intelligence and resources from the Ohio Supercomputer
Center, researchers conducted an analysis that covered all 30,887 tweets
that members sent about COVID-19 from the first one on Jan. 17 through
March 31.

The algorithm they created could correctly classify the political party
of the member who sent each tweet 76 percent of the time, based only on
the text of the tweet and the date it was sent.

"We found that once the parties started to figure out the political implications of the issue, polarization was evident in the tweets pretty quickly," said Jon Green, co-author of the study and doctoral student
in political science at The Ohio State University.

The study was published today (June 24, 2020) in the journal Science
Advances.

"It is remarkable that we could identify partisanship even when members
have only 280 characters to send their messages in Twitter," said study co-author Skyler Cranmer, the Carter Phillips and Sue Henry Professor
of Political Science at Ohio State.



========================================================================== Democrats sent out significantly more tweets (19,803) about COVID-19
than did Republicans (11,084), the study showed.

The gap in the number of tweets sent by Democratic versus Republican politicians widened after the first case of community spread was
identified in California and grew further following the declaration of
a national emergency.

"This suggests Democratic members were sending earlier and stronger
signals to their constituents that they should be concerned about the
crisis," Cranmer said.

What Democrats and Republicans tweeted about concerning the pandemic
was different, too, results showed.

For example, the word "health" was used in 26 percent of Democratic
tweets, but only 15 percent of Republican tweets.



========================================================================== Overall, Democrats were more likely to discuss public health and safety,
as well as American workers, while Republicans emphasized a general
need for national unity, discussed China and business, and framed the
pandemic as a war.

As one component of the analysis, the researchers identified members who
fell in the range of what they called "partisan overlap." Congressional
members in this overlap area were those whose tweets were more likely to
be confused by the algorithm with those of someone from the other party.

Only 31 percent of members fell in this area.

"That means for 69 percent of members, their tweets are more partisan
than the most similar member of the other party," Green said.

Polarization was not constant over time.

In the first full week after the first mention of COVID-19, the algorithm developed by the researchers had relatively low accuracy when trying
to determine whether a Democrat or a Republican wrote a particular
tweet. That indicates there was little polarization.

However, polarization quickly rose, peaking during the week beginning
Feb. 9.

It then declined slightly in early-to-mid March before rising again in
late March as the parties debated economic relief packages.

The findings suggest that Congress missed an opportunity early in the
pandemic to develop a consensus that could have helped the United States respond to the crisis, Cranmer said.

"Something on the scale of COVID-19 requires a large-scale government
response.

The government can respond much better when it is united in its mission,"
he said.

Green and Cranmer, co-authored the study with their Ohio State political science colleagues Jared Edgerton and Daniel Naftel, along with Kelsey
Shoub of the University of South Carolina.


========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by Ohio_State_University. Original
written by Jeff Grabmeier. Note: Content may be edited for style and
length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Jon Green, Jared Edgerton, Daniel Naftel, Kelsey Shoub, Skyler J.

Cranmer. Elusive consensus: Polarization in elite communication
on the COVID-19 pandemic. Science Advances, June 24, 2020; DOI:
10.1126/ sciadv.abc2717 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/06/200624151556.htm

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