Gear treated with 'forever chemicals' poses risk to firefighters

Date:
June 23, 2020
Source:
University of Notre Dame
Summary:
Researchers tested more than 30 samples of used and unused PPE
from six specialty textile manufacturers in the United States
and found them to be treated extensively with PFAS or constructed
with fluoropolymers, a type of PFAS used to make textiles oil and
water resistant.



FULL STORY ========================================================================== Firefighters face occupational hazards on a daily basis. Now, new research shows they face additional risk just by gearing up.


========================================================================== Fabric used for firefighter turnout gear tested positive for the
presence of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), according
to the study published in Environmental Science and Technology Letters,
led by Graham Peaslee, professor of physics at the University of Notre
Dame. Peaslee embarked on a more extensive study, after initial tests
on gear samples showed significantly high levels of fluorine.

"When we ran our initial tests, the fluorine content was so high,
there was little question as to whether or not we'd find PFAS in a
larger sample of gear," said Peaslee. "Our primary concern -- as is
always the case when it comes to these particular chemicals -- became
how much of it is coming off the gear and getting into the environment?" Peaslee's team tested more than 30 samples of used and unused personal protective equipment (PPE) from six specialty textile manufacturers in
the United States and found them to be treated extensively with PFAS or constructed with fluoropolymers, a type of PFAS used to make textiles
oil and water resistant.

Firefighter's PPE or "turnout gear" is comprised of three layers -- a
thermal layer, worn closest to the skin, covered by a moisture barrier
designed for water resistance and the outer shell. Peaslee and his team
found high concentrations of fluorine on the moisture barrier and outer
shell. Some of these chemicals have the ability to migrate off treated
surfaces and materials, meaning the PFAS in the moisture barrier and
outer shell PPE could potentially contaminate the thermal layer and come
in direct contact with skin.

"If they touch the gear, it gets on their hands, and if they go fight a
fire and they put the gear on and take it off and then go eat and don't
wash hands, it could transfer hand to mouth," said Peaslee. "And if
you're sweating and you have sweat pores, could some of these chemicals
come off on the thermal layer and get into the skin? The answer is
probably." Peaslee's study is the first to identify this potential
source of PFAS exposure in firefighting PPE and argues that more studies
are needed.

Known as "forever chemicals" PFAS have been found in fast food wrappers
and containers, nonstick cookware, child car seats and firefighting
foams. The use of PFAS-based foam fire suppressants has been linked to
the contamination of drinking water systems, leading the United States Department of Defense to switch to an environmentally safer alternative
foam before 2023. In a previous study, co-authored by Peaslee, researchers found the chemicals accumulate in the body after entering the bloodstream,
and PFAS have been linked to four of the top eight cancers which have
been found more commonly in firefighters including testicular cancer, mesothelioma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and prostate cancer.

The study also presented evidence of the potential hazard of these
chemicals in PPE in two other ways. Dust samples taken from a PPE
distribution facility in one fire district also tested positive for
fluorine, consistent with the ability of these chemicals to shed off
the gear onto other surfaces. The team also observed fluorine transfer
from the outer shell onto gloved hands upon handling, proving that this
could be an exposure source from PFAS to firefighters.

"Further work needs to be done to assess the extent of this risk to firefighters," said Peaslee, an affiliated member of the Eck Institute
for Global Health and the Environmental Change Initiative. "But until
this risk is estimated, operational steps can be taken to minimize
occupational exposure to these PFAS while still using the PPE to keep
the firefighters safe on the job." Peaslee suggests that the long-term solution would be to find a healthier alternative to PFAS which can
provide equivalent water resistance to the gear.

This is just the latest study in a building collection of literature highlighting the danger and persistence of PFAS in contamination of the environment and threat to public health.


========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by University_of_Notre_Dame. Original
written by Jessica Sieff. Note: Content may be edited for style and
length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Graham F. Peaslee, John T. Wilkinson, Sean R. McGuinness, Meghanne
Tighe,
Nicholas Caterisano, Seryeong Lee, Alec Gonzales, Matthew Roddy,
Simon Mills, Krystle Mitchell. Another Pathway for Firefighter
Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Firefighter
Textiles. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 2020; DOI:
10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00410 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/06/200623145336.htm

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