When it comes to supporting candidates, ideology trumps race and gender
Prejudiced people will still vote for Black and female politicians, as
long as ideologies match, study says

Date:
August 24, 2020
Source:
American Psychological Association
Summary:
Voters who express prejudice against minorities and women are
still more likely to support candidates who most closely align with
their ideologies, regardless of the race or sex of such candidates,
according to new research.



FULL STORY ========================================================================== Voters who express prejudice against minorities and women are still more
likely to support candidates who most closely align with their ideologies, regardless of the race or sex of such candidates, according to research published by the American Psychological Association.


========================================================================== "There is some evidence that has already cast doubt on the conventional
view that racial and gender prejudice hurts politicians who are
Black and female," said author Hui Bai, a doctoral candidate at the
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. "This research shows that how
citizens' prejudice plays a role in their political preferences is more
nuanced than many people think. Overall, the perceived ideology of the candidate determines whether the candidate will be popular among racists
and sexists. Whether the candidate is Black or white, a man or a woman,
does not seem to matter." The research was published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

Bai analyzed data from six surveys, three of which were nationally representative, comprising more than 44,800 individuals. Some of the
surveys were conducted by independent third parties, and others were
partially designed and/or conducted by Bai himself. Each survey included
a series of questions designed to measure racism and sexism. For example,
the surveys asked participants to rate how unintelligent they think Black people are and how favorably they feel about Black people as ways of
measuring racism. To measure sexism, the surveys asked questions such
as whether participants think women's place should be in the home as
opposed to having a role in society equal to men.

The surveys also asked participants to rate their support of
politicians. Some surveys asked about real-life politicians: Barack
Obama, Bernie Sanders, Hillary Clinton, Ben Carson, Donald Trump and
Carly Fiorina. Other surveys asked participants to rate their support
for hypothetical candidates. Bai also looked at national survey data
collected during election cycles from 1972 to 2016 that measured support
for congressional and presidential candidates and included items that
measured racism and sexism.

Across all the surveys, participants who scored high in prejudice
were significantly more likely to support both real and hypothetical conservative candidates, which Bai did not find surprising. What was interesting was that the candidates' race and gender did not seem to
matter at all. There was no significant change in support from prejudiced participants when the conservative candidate was Black or a woman compared
with when the conservative candidate was white or a man.

"When it comes to supporting a political candidate, the results suggest
that ideology is the primary factor that determines whether citizens'
prejudice benefits or undermines their support for the politicians,
not the politicians' demographic background," said Bai.

"The great insight of this research is that it gets us past the idea
that the chief political consequences of racism and sexism are merely to
make voters more hostile to candidates of color and to candidates who
are women," said Christopher Federico, PhD, Bai's doctoral adviser at
UMN. "Rather, the results pretty consistently indicate that racist and
sexist attitudes are associated with support for candidates who are less sympathetic to egalitarian goals or who promise to preserve a status
quo that includes racial and gender inequality." However, one type
of demographic that still played a role was religious identity. In the
last survey, Bai changed the items to measure prejudice against Muslims
and then asked participants to rate their support for hypothetical
candidates who were either liberal or conservative, and either Muslim
or Christian. He found that while, once again, participants with greater prejudice were more likely to support the conservative candidate, there
was a significant decrease in support for the Muslim candidates compared
with the Christian candidates. This may be because religious identity,
unlike race or sex, is an ideology itself, according to Bai.


========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by
American_Psychological_Association. Note: Content may be edited for
style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Hui Bai. When Racism and Sexism Benefit Black and Female
Politicians:
Politicians' Ideology Moderates Prejudice's Effect More Than
Politicians'Demographic Background. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 2020; DOI: 10.1037/pspi0000314 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/08/200824092003.htm

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