New way to detect blood clots

Date:
June 3, 2020
Source:
Texas A&M University
Summary:
Researchers are working on an entirely new way to detect blood
clots, especially in pediatric patients.



FULL STORY ========================================================================== Researchers in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Texas A&M
University are working on an entirely new way to detect blood clots,
especially in pediatric patients.


========================================================================== Unlike what a biology textbook may show, blood vessels are not straight cylinders. They are tortuous, meaning they have complex curves, spirals
and bends. When the blood reaches these curves, it makes changes to
its fluid mechanics and interactions with the vessel wall. In a healthy
person, these changes are in harmony with the tortuous microenvironment,
but when diseased, these environments could lead to very complex flow conditions that activate proteins and cells that eventually lead to
blood clots.

Dr. Abhishek Jain, assistant professor, said a big challenge in medicine
is the medical devices used to detect clots and assess anti-blood clotting
drug effects are entirely chemistry-based.

"They do not incorporate the flow through the naturally turning and
twisting blood vessels, which are physical regulators of blood clotting,"
Jain said.

"Therefore, the readouts from these current static systems are not highly predictive, and often result in false positives or false negatives."
To approach the problem from a new angle, researchers in Jain's lab
at Texas A&M designed a microdevice that mimics tortuous blood vessels
and created a diseased microenvironment in which blood may rapidly clot
under flow. They showed this biomimetic blood clotting device could be
used to design and monitor drugs that are given to patients who suffer
from clotting disorders.

Jain said he can see several applications for the device, including
critical care units and military trauma care units.



==========================================================================
"It can be used in detection of clotting disorders and used in precision medicine where you would want to monitor pro-thrombotic or anti-thrombotic therapies and optimize the therapeutic approach," Jain said.

After developing the device, the team took it into the field for a
pilot study.

Working with Dr. Jun Teruya, chief of transfusion medicine at Texas
Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, the team coordinated
with clinicians to test the device with pediatric patients in critical
care whose heart and lungs were not working properly.

These patients were in need of an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
(ECMO) machine, which provides cardiac and respiratory support in exchange
of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

A common complication in ECMO is blood clotting, so patients are
administered anticoagulants to prevent clotting. However, ECMO machines
are also known to" eat" clotting proteins and platelets, which puts anticoagulated patients in further risk of bleeding. Anticoagulated
pediatric patients on ECMO are especially prone to bleeding.

Current chemically based blood clotting tests are expensive,
time-consuming, can be unreliable and require a skilled technician. Jain's team's tortuosity based microfluidic system doesn't require expensive chemicals, is quick, with results within 10-15 minutes, uses low blood
sample volume and is easy to operate.

"The margin for error is essentially zero for these patients," Jain said.

"Therefore, it's imperative that all the tests, not just clotting tests,
must work and provide clinicians with quick and reliable information about their patient so they can provide the best care possible." By having
the opportunity to test their system with real patients, Jain said his
team was able to demonstrate that their design could detect bleeding
in anticoagulated patients with low platelet counts, which can help
guide doctors to make better evidence-based clinical decisions for
their patients.

For Jain and his team, the next stage is continued clinical studies to
compare their approach to standard methods and hopefully demonstrate
key performance advantages.


========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by Texas_A&M_University. Original written
by Jennifer Reiley. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. David J. Luna, Navaneeth K. R. Pandian, Tanmay Mathur, Justin
Bui, Pranav
Gadangi, Vadim V. Kostousov, Shiu-Ki Rocky Hui, Jun Teruya, Abhishek
Jain. Tortuosity-powered microfluidic device for assessment of
thrombosis and antithrombotic therapy in whole blood. Scientific
Reports, 2020; 10 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62768-4 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/06/200603194447.htm https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/06/200603194447.htm

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