Impact of wastewater systems on Edwards Aquifer evaluated

Date:
October 20, 2020
Source:
Southwest Research Institute
Summary:
Researchers developed an integrated hydrologic computer model
to evaluate the impact of different types of wastewater disposal
facilities on the Edwards Aquifer, the primary water source for San
Antonio and its surrounding communities. The research results will
guide authorities on what actions to take to protect the quality
and quantity of water entering the aquifer.



FULL STORY ========================================================================== Southwest Research Institute developed an integrated hydrologic computer
model to evaluate the impact of different types of wastewater disposal facilities on the Edwards Aquifer, the primary water source for San
Antonio and its surrounding communities. The research results will guide authorities on what actions to take to protect the quality and quantity
of water entering the aquifer.


==========================================================================
The two-year study, which concluded in July, was funded through the
City of San Antonio's Edwards Aquifer Protection Plan (EAPP) under
the direction of the San Antonio River Authority. The tax-funded EAPP identifies and protects land and water crucial to the well-being of the aquifer. SwRI researchers selected the nearly 25-square-mile Helotes Creek Watershed in northwest Bexar County as the study area. They combined
surface and groundwater data, including streamflow and groundwater
elevations, along with climate, soil and topographic input to create an integrated model of the watershed.

"We chose the Helotes Creek Watershed because it is entirely in the contributing and recharge zones of the Edwards Aquifer. Rainfall and
bodies of water over these key zones replenish the aquifer," said
SwRI's Mauricio Flores, who helped lead the project. "Our findings are
intended to provide insight on which wastewater practices offer the best protection for the aquifer when considering new development in these
critical zones." SwRI's Water Resources group constructed a base case
model, replicating what is happening now with septic systems already
located in the watershed area.

Starting with that data, they evaluated what would happen if they
added wastewater disposal facilities to the region. Scenarios evaluated included additional septic or onsite sewage systems, facilities that
reuse wastewater for irrigation and systems that dispose of wastewater
in nearby creeks or rivers.

"We considered a range of hypothetical scenarios. The size and capacity
of the hypothesized wastewater facilities were consistent with possible residential development in the Helotes Creek Watershed area," said
Dr. Ronald Green, SwRI technical advisor and project manager. "Our results predicted that installing additional wastewater systems in the region, regardless of type, would increase the amount of wastewater discharged
to the environment and significantly degrade the watershed and the
quality of water recharging the Edwards Aquifer." The Helotes Creek
Watershed study was the first of its kind in this area. The findings are applicable to most watersheds in the aquifer's contributing and recharge
zones. However, SwRI researchers recommend expanding the study to outside
of Bexar County to demonstrate how development and increased wastewater disposal would impact these areas.

"The results of the study not only highlight the impact development could
have on the aquifer, but can also be used to prioritize protection of
land, rivers and streams that recharge the aquifer," said Flores. "Our
findings show this type of research is vital to protecting important
water resources." The City of San Antonio is conducting additional
EAPP-funded research aimed at protecting the aquifer. An official city
report, which will include the SwRI study, is expected in 2023.


========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by Southwest_Research_Institute. Note:
Content may be edited for style and length.


==========================================================================


Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/10/201020105538.htm

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