Paper recycling must be powered by renewables to save climate
Recycling paper may only be helpful to the climate if it is powered by renewable energ

Date:
October 19, 2020
Source:
University College London
Summary:
The study found that greenhouse gas emissions would increase by
2050 if we recycled more paper, as current methods rely on fossil
fuels and electricity from the grid.



FULL STORY ========================================================================== Recycling paper may only be helpful to the climate if it is powered by renewable energy, according to a new modelling study by researchers at
UCL and Yale.


==========================================================================
The study, published in Nature Sustainability, found that greenhouse gas emissions would increase by 2050 if we recycled more paper, as current
methods rely on fossil fuels and electricity from the grid.

The researchers modelled various scenarios for increasing recycling
of wastepaper by 2050 and the impact this would have on greenhouse
emissions. They found that if all wastepaper was recycled, emissions
could increase by 10%, as recycling paper tends to rely more on fossil
fuels than making new paper.

However, the researchers found that emissions would radically reduce if
paper production and disposal were carried out using renewable energy
sources rather than fossil fuels.

Making new paper from trees requires more energy than paper recycling,
but the energy for this process is generated from black liquor --
the low-carbon by- product of the wood pulping process. In contrast,
paper recycling relies on fuels and electricity from the grid.

Researchers found that modernising landfill practices, for instance
by capturing methane emissions and using them for energy, also had a
positive effect -- although not as profound as moving to renewables.



==========================================================================
Lead author Dr Stijn van Ewijk (UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources
and Yale Center for Industrial Ecology) said: "Our study shows that
recycling is not a guaranteed way to address climate change. Recycling
of paper may not be helpful unless it is powered by renewable energy.

"We looked at global averages, but trends may vary considerably in
different parts of the world. Our message isn't to stop recycling,
but to point out the risk of investing in recycling at the expense
of decarbonising the energy supply and seeing very little change to
emissions as a result." Senior author Professor Paul Ekins (UCL
Institute for Sustainable Resources) said: "The recycling of some
materials, for instance metals, can lead to a very large reduction in emissions. But we need to be careful about assumptions that recycling,
or a circular economy in general, will always have a positive effect
on climate change." The researchers emphasized that recycling has
benefits beyond combatting global warming. Co-author Professor Julia
Stegemann (UCL Civil, Environmental & Geomatic Engineering) said:
"Our exponentially increasing consumption of global resources has many seriously damaging environmental impacts beyond climate change, and
conserving resources, including by paper recycling, remains critical
for sustainability." The researchers reported that paper accounted for
1.3% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2012. About a third of these emissions came from the disposal of paper in landfills. Researchers said
that in coming years, use of paper would likely rise, with the move away
from plastics leading to increased demand for paper packaging.



==========================================================================
The study looked at how different levels of recycling, renewable energy
use and more environmentally friendly landfill practices might affect our ability to reduce emissions in line with a target to avoid a 2-degrees
Celsius temperature rise by 2050.

It found that if past trends continued, emissions would slightly increase
from the 2012 level (721 metric tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in
a year) to 736 metric tonnes in 2050, with efforts to reduce emissions outweighed by increased demand for paper.

A radical programme of recycling, with landfill and energy uses remaining
on the same path, would increase this still further by 10% (to 808 metric tonnes), with savings due to a decrease in total energy use outweighed
by an increase in the use of high-carbon electricity.

On the other hand, radically modernising landfill practices would
reduce emissions to 591 metric tonnes, while moving to renewables,
with recycling and landfill practices remaining on the standard path,
would reduce emissions by 96% to 28 tonnes.

Researchers explained that, while paper recycling can save trees and
protect forest carbon stocks, the extent of this is unknown. This is
because of a lack of understanding of the global forest carbon stock
and the interrelated causes of deforestation. The analysis, therefore,
assumes that recycling neither harms nor benefits forests.


========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by University_College_London. Note:
Content may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Stijn van Ewijk, Julia A. Stegemann, Paul Ekins. Limited climate
benefits
of global recycling of pulp and paper. Nature Sustainability,
2020; DOI: 10.1038/s41893-020-00624-z ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/10/201019112119.htm

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