Study of natural gas flaring finds high risks to babies
Researchers found exposure was associated with 50% higher odds of preterm birth compared with no exposure

Date:
July 15, 2020
Source:
University of Southern California
Summary:
Researchers have found that exposure to flaring -- the burning
off of excess natural gas -- at oil and gas production sites is
associated with 50% higher odds of preterm birth, compared with
no exposure.



FULL STORY ========================================================================== Researchers from USC and UCLA have found that exposure to flaring --
the burning off of excess natural gas -- at oil and gas production
sites is associated with 50% higher odds of preterm birth, compared with
no exposure.


==========================================================================
"Our study finds that living near flaring is harmful to pregnant women
and babies," said Jill Johnston, an environmental health scientist at the
Keck School of Medicine of USC. "We have seen a sharp increase in flaring
in Texas' Eagle Ford Shale, and this is the first study to explore the potential health impacts." The research appears July 15 in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives.

The study examined 23,487 live births to women living within the
Eagle Ford region between 2012 to 2015. The Eagle Ford Shale geological formation, measuring 50 miles wide and 400 miles long, is one of the most productive oil and gas regions in the country due to hydraulic fracturing
or "fracking." In a previous study, the research team estimated the area
was subject to more than 43,000 flaring events between 2012 and 2016.

Flares, which can burn for weeks at a time, have been shown to release chemicals such as benzene as well as fine particle pollution, carbon
monoxide, nitrogen oxides, heavy metals and black carbon. Several of
these combustion- related pollutants have been associated with a higher
risk of preterm birth and reduced birthweight in other contexts.

Of the births analyzed by researchers, 10.6% were preterm, occurring
before the 37th completed week of pregnancy. Preterm birth is associated
with complications such as immature lungs, difficulty regulating body temperature, poor feeding and slow weight gain.

The researchers used satellite observations to measure flaring activity
because systemic reporting of flaring is lacking. They adjusted for other
known risk factors for preterm birth in their analysis, including age,
smoking, insurance status and access to prenatal care, and concluded
that exposure to a high amount of flaring was associated with 50%
higher odds of preterm birth compared with no exposure. A high amount
of flaring was defined as 10 or more nightly flare events within three
miles of the pregnant woman's home.

"Women who identified as Latina or Hispanic in our study were exposed to
more flaring and more likely to see an increased risk of preterm birth,
raising environmental justice concerns about the oil and gas boom in
south Texas," said Lara Cushing, an environmental health scientist with
the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health who co-led the study with
Johnston. "Our study adds to the evidence that oil and gas development
is negatively impacting birth outcomes and suggests stricter regulation
of the industry is needed." Women who lived within three miles of a high number of oil and gas wells also had higher odds of a preterm birth than mothers who did not live near wells.

Their babies were also born weighing 19.4 grams, or seven ounces, lighter
on average. This suggests that, in addition to flaring, other exposures
related to oil and gas wells may also be adversely impacting pregnancy,
the researchers said.

The majority (55%) of the women in the study population identified as
Latina or Hispanic, and the odds of preterm birth among Hispanic women
exposed to high levels of flaring was greater than the corresponding
odds among non-Hispanic White women, who made up 37% of the study
population. Nearly 60% of women in the study were on public health
insurance (Medicaid) and 17% were foreign born.

In recent years, the U.S. has been responsible for the highest number of
flares of any country, flaring an estimated 14.1 billion square meters of natural gas in 2018. Eighty percent of flaring is occurring in Texas and
in North Dakota shale plays, where much of the U.S. fracking occurs. That
said, according to researchers, flaring largely remains underreported
and unregulated.

The study was supported by a grant from the U.S. National Institutes of
Health/ National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.


========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided
by University_of_Southern_California. Original written by Leigh
Hopper. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Lara J. Cushing, Kate Vavra-Musser, Khang Chau, Meredith Franklin,
Jill
E. Johnston. Flaring from Unconventional Oil and Gas Development and
Birth Outcomes in the Eagle Ford Shale in South Texas. Environmental
Health Perspectives, 2020; 128 (7): 077003 DOI: 10.1289/EHP6394 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/07/200715142331.htm

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