Urban bees: Pollinator diversity and plant interactions in city green
spaces

Date:
July 15, 2020
Source:
PLOS
Summary:
With the right mix of plants, urban green spaces can be a rich
habitat to support diverse pollinators, according to a new study.



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
With the right mix of plants, urban green spaces can be a rich habitat
to support diverse pollinators, according to a study published July 15,
2020 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Benjamin Daniels from RWTH
Aachen University, Germany, and colleagues.


==========================================================================
With cities expanding and insect populations rapidly declining across
the globe, incorporating insect-friendly green spaces into urban design
is a critical step to bolster pollinator populations -- intrinsically
valuable in their own right as well as necessary for more than 75
percent of the world's food supply. In this study, Daniels and colleagues surveyed diverse green spaces across the German city of Aachen to assess plant-pollinator interactions within an urban environment.

The authors categorized Aachen's green spaces into four categories: recreational parks; community gardens; the cemetery; and a
"representative" park in the city center, with a rural reference site
at Aachen's outskirts as a control -- focusing on two different park
elements within each study site, flower beds and insect-pollinating trees (specifically Tilia, or linden trees).

Daniels and colleagues then surveyed these sites to observe visiting pollinators in thirty-minute intervals from 10AM-5PM in sunny, non-windy conditions from May to August 2016 (with the linden trees observed
during their bloom period, from June 21-July 15) -- recording 7723 total interactions between pollinators and plants.

At the rural control site, the average number of observed pollinator
visits was 46.2+/-14.6 within 30 minutes. Community gardens showed similar levels of visitation (43.7+/-23.0 per 30 minutes), but average insect
visits for the representative park, recreational parks, and cemetery were significantly lower (mean visitation rates of 21.0+/-12.6, 20.8+/-15.5
and 17.8+/-10.1 respectively). The authors note that the composition of pollinators varied across park types as well, with community gardens and
the rural site showing similar -- and significantly higher -- frequencies
of wild bee and hoverfly visits. In contrast, the visitation rates of
flowering linden trees showed similar frequencies for all tested park
types (with an average ranging from 12.9 visits/30 minutes (cemetery
site) to 16.4 visits/30 minutes (recreational parks). The linden trees
also showed higher rates of bumblebee and honeybee visitors as compared
to other pollinators.

The authors note that though this study only ran during the peak bloom
season, from May to August, future studies should run year-round in order
to accurately gauge pollinator behavior. They also note that recreational
parks showed comparably low visitation rates of pollinators as compared
to other green spaces in Aachen, but would likely have high potential
to provide additional diverse resources for pollinators via additional
tree plantings or small flower beds -- and encourage future policies
for integrated management of urban parks as key habitats for pollinators.

The authors add: "In these times of global insect decline, cities and especially urban green spaces show a high potential to provide habitats
for a variety of insect groups. The design and management of urban green
spaces have a strong impact on the diversity and abundance of pollinators
in cities."

========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by PLOS. Note: Content may be edited
for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Benjamin Daniels, Jana Jedamski, Richard Ottermanns, Martina Ross-
Nickoll. A "plan bee" for cities: Pollinator diversity and plant-
pollinator interactions in urban green spaces. PLOS ONE, 2020; 15
(7): e0235492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235492 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/07/200715142355.htm

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