High-fat diet with antibiotic use linked to gut inflammation
Combining Western diet and antibiotic use is a pre- IBD risk factor

Date:
July 15, 2020
Source:
University of California - Davis Health
Summary:
Researchers have found that combining a Western-style high-fat
diet with antibiotic use significantly increases the risk of
developing pre- inflammatory bowel disease. This combination shuts
down the mitochondria in cells of the colon lining, leading to
gut inflammation. Mesalazine can help restart the mitochondria
and treat pre-IBD condition.



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
UC Davis researchers have found that combining a Western-style high-fat
diet with antibiotic use significantly increases the risk of developing
pre- inflammatory bowel disease (pre-IBD). The study, published July 14
in Cell Host and Microbe, suggests that this combination shuts down the
energy factories (mitochondria) in cells of the colon lining, leading
to gut inflammation.


========================================================================== Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects approximately 11% of people
worldwide.

It is characterized by recurring episodes of abdominal pain, bloating
and changes in bowel habits. IBS patients with mucosal inflammation and
changes in the gut's microbial composition are considered pre-IBD.

Antibiotic usage with high-fat diet is a risk factor The study included
43 healthy adults and 49 adult patients diagnosed with IBS.

The researchers measured fecal calprotectin, a biomarker for intestinal inflammation, of participants. Elevated levels of fecal calprotectin
indicated a pre-IBD condition. The study identified 19 patients with
IBS as pre-IBD.

The researchers found that all participants who consumed high-fat
diet and used antibiotics were at 8.6 times higher risk for having
pre-IBD than those on low- fat diet and no recent history of antibiotic
use. Participants with the highest fat consumption were about 2.8 times
more likely to have pre-IBD than those with the lowest fat intake. A
history of recent antibiotic usage alone was associated with 3.9 times
higher likelihood of having pre-IBD.

"Our study found that a history of antibiotics in individuals consuming
a high- fat diet was associated with the greatest risk for pre-IBD,"
said Andreas Ba"umler, professor of medical microbiology and immunology
and lead author on the study. "Until now, we didn't appreciate how
different environmental risk factors can synergize to drive the disease." Shutting the cell's powerhouse promotes gut microbial growth


========================================================================== Using mouse models, the study also tested the effect of high-fat diet
and antibiotics use on the cells in the intestinal lining. It found that high-fat diet and antibiotics cooperate to disrupt the work of the cell's mitochondria, shutting its ability to burn oxygen. This disruption causes reduction in cell's oxygen consumption and leads to oxygen leakage into
the gut.

The body's beneficial bacteria thrive in environments lacking oxygen such
as the large intestine. Higher oxygen levels in the gut promote bacterial imbalances and inflammation. With the disruption in the gut environment,
a vicious cycle of replacing the good bacteria with potentially harmful proinflammatory microbes that are more oxygen tolerant begins. This in
turn leads to mucosal inflammation linked to pre-IBD conditions.

The study also identified 5-aminosalicylate (mesalazine), a drug that
restarts the energy factories in the intestinal lining, as a potential treatment for pre-IBD.

"The best approach to a healthy gut is to get rid of the preferred
sustenance of harmful microbes," Lee said. "Our study emphasized the
importance of avoiding high fat food and abuse of antibiotics to avoid
gut inflammation." Co-authors on this study are Stephanie Cevallos,
Mariana Byndloss, Connor Tiffany, Erin Olsan, Brian Butler, Briana Young, Andrew Rogers, Henry Nguyen, Kyongchol Kim, Sang-Woon Choi, Eunsoo Bae,
Je Hee Lee, Ui-Gi Min and Duk-Chul Lee.

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea
grant (NRF-2017R1C1B5016190), USDA/NIFA award 2015-67015-22930 and by
the Public Health Service grants AI044170, AI096528, AI112445, AI112949, AI060555 and 5TL1R001861.


========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by
University_of_California_-_Davis_Health. Note: Content may be edited
for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Jee-Yon Lee, Stephanie A. Cevallos, Mariana X. Byndloss, Connor R.

Tiffany, Erin E. Olsan, Brian P. Butler, Briana M. Young,
Andrew W.L.

Rogers, Henry Nguyen, Kyongchol Kim, Sang-Woon Choi, Eunsoo Bae, Je
Hee Lee, Ui-Gi Min, Duk-Chul Lee, Andreas J. Ba"umler. High-Fat Diet
and Antibiotics Cooperatively Impair Mitochondrial Bioenergetics
to Trigger Dysbiosis that Exacerbates Pre-inflammatory Bowel
Disease. Cell Host & Microbe, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.06.001 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/07/200715142400.htm

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