Ancient Ade'lie penguin colony revealed by snowmelt at Cape Irizar, Ross
Sea, Antarctica

Date:
September 28, 2020
Source:
Geological Society of America
Summary:
Researchers encountered a puzzle at Cape Irizar, a rocky cape
located just south of the Drygalski Ice Tongue on the Scott Coast,
Ross Sea. He found both ancient and what appeared to be fresh
remains of Adelie penguins, mostly of chicks, which frequently
die and accumulate at these colonies. However, the 'fresh' remains
were puzzling, he says, because there are no records of an active
penguin colony at this site.



FULL STORY ========================================================================== Researcher Steven Emslie encountered a puzzle at Cape Irizar, a rocky
cape located just south of the Drygalski Ice Tongue on the Scott Coast,
Ross Sea. He found both ancient and what appeared to be fresh remains of
Adelie penguins, mostly of chicks, which frequently die and accumulate
at these colonies.

However, the "fresh" remains were puzzling, he says, because there are no records of an active penguin colony at this site since the first explorers (Robert Falcon Scott) in 1901-1903 came to the Ross Sea.


========================================================================== Emslie found abundant penguin chick bones scattered on the surface,
along with guano stains, implying recent use of the site, but that wasn't possible, says Emslie. Some of the bones were complete chick carcasses
with feathers, now falling apart from decay as at a modern colony,
as well as intact mummies.

Emslie and his colleagues collected some of these surface remains for
further analysis and radiocarbon dating to try and figure out what was
going on there.

The team found old pebble mounds scattered about the cape. These mounds
are former nesting sites of Ade'lie penguins because they use pebbles to
build their nests. When they abandon a site, the pebbles become scattered
and stand out on the landscape, since they are all about the same size.

"We excavated into three of these mounds, using methods similar to archaeologists, to recover preserved tissues of penguin bone, feather,
and eggshell, as well as hard parts of prey from the guano (fish bones, otoliths).

The soil was very dry and dusty, just as I've found at other very old
sites I've worked on in the Ross Sea, and also had abundant penguin
remains in them.

Overall, our sampling recovered a mixture of old and what appeared to
be recent penguin remains implying multiple periods of occupation and abandonment of this cape over thousands of years. In all the years I have
been doing this research in Antarctica, I've never seen a site quite
like this." The analyses reported in Emslie's recent paper published
in Geology indicate at least three occupation periods of the cape by
breeding penguins, with the last one ending at about 800 years ago. When
that occupation ended, either due to increasing snow cover over the cape
or other factors (the Little Ice Age was beginning about then too), the
"fresh" remains on the surface were covered in snow and ice and preserved intact until recent exposure from snowmelt.

Global warming has increased the annual temperature in the Ross Sea by
1.5-2.0 DEGC since the 1980s, and satellite imagery over the past decade
shows the cape gradually emerging from under the snow. Thus, says Emslie,
"This recent snowmelt revealing long-preserved remains that were frozen
and buried until now is the best explanation for the jumble of penguin
remains of different ages that we found there."

========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by Geological_Society_of_America. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Steven D. Emslie. Ancient Ade'lie penguin colony revealed by
snowmelt at
Cape Irizar, Ross Sea, Antarctica. Geology, 2020; DOI:
10.1130/G48230.1 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/09/200928155748.htm

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