Weighted blankets can decrease insomnia severity
Randomized, controlled trial finds that weighted blankets are safe and effective

Date:
September 23, 2020
Source:
American Academy of Sleep Medicine
Summary:
Weighted blankets are a safe and effective intervention in the
treatment of insomnia, according to researchers who found that
insomnia patients with psychiatric disorders experienced reduced
insomnia severity, improved sleep and less daytime sleepiness when
sleeping with a weighted chain blanket.



FULL STORY ========================================================================== Weighted blankets are a safe and effective intervention in the treatment
of insomnia, according to Swedish researchers who found that insomnia
patients with psychiatric disorders experienced reduced insomnia severity, improved sleep and less daytime sleepiness when sleeping with a weighted
chain blanket.


========================================================================== Results of the randomized, controlled study show that participants
using the weighted blanket for four weeks reported significantly
reduced insomnia severity, better sleep maintenance, a higher daytime
activity level, and reduced symptoms of fatigue, depression and
anxiety. Participants in the weighted blanket group were almost 26 times
more likely to experience a decrease of 50% or more in their insomnia
severity compared with the control group, and they were nearly 20 times
more likely to achieve remission of their insomnia. Positive results
were maintained during a 12-month, open follow-up phase of the study.

"A suggested explanation for the calming and sleep-promoting effect is the pressure that the chain blanket applies on different points on the body, stimulating the sensation of touch and the sense of muscles and joints,
similar to acupressure and massage," said principle investigator Dr. Mats Alder, consultant psychiatrist in the department of clinical neuroscience
at the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden. "There is evidence suggesting that deep pressure stimulation increases parasympathetic
arousal of the autonomic nervous system and at the same time reduces sympathetic arousal, which is considered to be the cause of the calming effect." The study is published in the Sept. 15 issue of the Journal
of Clinical Sleep Medicine.

The study involved 120 adults (68% women, 32% men) previously diagnosed
with clinical insomnia and a co-occurring psychiatric disorder: major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or generalized anxiety disorder. They had a mean age of about
40 years.

Participants were randomized to sleep for four weeks at home with either
a chain-weighted blanket or a control blanket. Participants assigned to
the weighted blanket group tried an 8-kilogram (about 17.6 pounds) chain blanket at the clinic. Ten participants found it to be too heavy and
received a 6-kilogram (about 13.2 pounds) blanket instead. Participants
in the control group slept with a light plastic chain blanket of 1.5
kilograms (about 3.3 pounds). Change in insomnia severity, the primary
outcome, was evaluated using the Insomnia Severity Index. Wrist actigraphy
was used to estimate sleep and daytime activity levels.

Nearly 60% of weighted blanket users had a positive response with a
decrease of 50% or more in their ISI score from the baseline to the
four-week endpoint, compared with 5.4% of the control group. Remission,
a score of seven or less on the ISI scale, was 42.2% in the weighted
blanket group, compared with 3.6% in the control group.

After the initial four-week study, all participants had the option
to use the weighted blanket for a 12-month follow-up phase. They
tested four different weighted blankets: two chain blankets (6
kilograms and 8 kilograms) and two ball blankets (6.5 kilograms and
7 kilograms). After the test, and they were freely allowed to choose
the blanket they preferred, with most selecting a heavier blanket. Only
one participant discontinued the study due to feelings of anxiety when
using the blanket. Participants who switched from the control blanket
to a weighted blanket experienced a similar effect as patients who used
the weighted blanket initially. After 12 months, 92% of weighted blanket
users were responders, and 78% were in remission.

"I was surprised by the large effect size on insomnia by the weighted
blanket and pleased by the reduction of levels of both anxiety and
depression," said Adler.

In a related commentary, also published in the September issue of
JCSM, Dr.

William McCall writes that the study results support the psychoanalytic "holding environment" theory, which states that touch is a basic need
that provides calming and comfort. McCall urges providers to consider
the impact of sleeping surfaces and bedding on sleep quality, while
calling for additional research into the effect of weighted blankets.


========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by
American_Academy_of_Sleep_Medicine. Note: Content may be edited for
style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Bodil Ekholm, Stefan Spulber, Mats Adler. A randomized controlled
study
of weighted chain blankets for insomnia in psychiatric
disorders. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 2020; 16 (9):
1567 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8636 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/09/200923124740.htm

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