Call of the wild: Individual dolphin calls used to estimate population
size and movement

Date:
August 27, 2020
Source:
University of Plymouth
Summary:
A new study has shown for the first time that acoustic monitoring
can be used in place of photographs to generate abundance estimates
of dolphin populations.



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
An international team of scientists has succeeded in using the signature whistles of individual bottlenose dolphins to estimate the size of the population and track their movement.


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The research, led by Stellenbosch University and the University of
Plymouth, marks the first time that acoustic monitoring has been used
in place of photographs to generate abundance estimates of dolphin
populations.

Writing in the Journal of Mammalogy, researchers say they are excited by
the positive results yielded by the method, as the number of dolphins
estimated was almost exactly the same as estimated through the more
traditional photographic mark-recapture method.

They are now working to refine the technique, in the hope it can be used
to track other species -- with a current focus on endangered species
such as humpback dolphins.

Quicker information processing and advances in statistical analysis mean
in the future that automated detection of individually distinctive calls
could be possible. This can generate important information on individual animals and would be particularly useful for small, threatened populations where every individual counts.

"The capture-recapture of individually distinctive signature whistles
has not been attempted before," says the paper's senior author Dr Tess
Gridley, Co- Director of Sea Search and the Namibian Dolphin Project
and a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Botany and Zoology at
SU. "The dolphins use these sounds throughout life and each has its own
unique whistle. Therefore, by recording signature whistles over time and
in different places we can calculate where animals are moving to and how
many animals there are in a population." Working with Dr Simon Elwen of Stellenbosch University, the Namibian Dolphin Project has been researching Namibia's resident bottlenose dolphins for the past 12 years, and built
up a catalogue of more than 55 signature whistles dating back to 2009.



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This particular study was led by Emma Longden, who began the project
during her BSc (Hons) Marine Biology degree at the University of
Plymouth. As an undergraduate, Emma completed an internship with the
Namibia Dolphin Project for a month in 2016, and returned again in 2018
to complete work on the mark- recapture project.

She analysed more than 4000 hours of acoustic data from four hydrophones positioned along the coast south and north of Walvis Bay, Namibia,
during the first six months of 2016.

All in all, they identified 204 acoustic encounters, 50 of which contained signature whistle types. From these encounters, 53 signature whistle
types were identified; 40 were in an existing catalogue developed in
2014 for the Walvis Bay bottlenose dolphin population, and 13 were
newly identified. Of the 53 signature whistle types identified, 43%
were captured only once, whereas the majority (57%) were recaptured
twice or more.

"One of the great things about bioacoustics is that you can leave a
hydrophone in the water for weeks at a time and collect so much data
without interfering with the lives of the animals you are studying," says
Emma, whose work on the project was also supervised by Dr Clare Embling, Associate Professor of Marine Ecology at the University of Plymouth.

Dr Embling added: "This work is incredibly important as it allows us to
track and count the number of dolphins in small vulnerable populations. It builds on our previous research looking at the impacts of noise on marine organisms and monitoring vulnerable marine mammal populations. It also showcases the fantastic level of research that our marine biology students
are able to achieve, and the opportunities available to them through our partnerships with conservation organisations such as the Namibia Dolphin Project and the Ocean Giants Trust." Future research includes the work undertaken by PhD student Sasha Dines from Stellenbosch University
to further refine the technique to better understand the population
of endangered humpback dolphins in South Africa. Another PhD student,
Jack Fearey from the University of Cape Town, is continuing to conduct
research along the Namibian Coast.


========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by University_of_Plymouth. Note:
Content may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Emma G Longden, Simon H Elwen, Barry McGovern, Bridget S James,
Clare B
Embling, Tess Gridley. Mark-recapture of individually distinctive
calls-- a case study with signature whistles of bottlenose
dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Journal of Mammalogy, 2020; DOI:
10.1093/jmammal/gyaa081 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/08/200827102144.htm

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