COVID-19 has likely tripled depression rate, study finds

Date:
September 2, 2020
Source:
Boston University School of Medicine
Summary:
A new study finds that 27.8 percent of U.S. adults had depression
symptoms as of mid-April, compared to 8.5 percent before the
COVID-19 pandemic.



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
A first-of-its-kind study from the Boston University School of Public
Health (BUSPH) finds 27.8% of U.S. adults had depression symptoms as of mid-April, compared to 8.5% before the COVID-19 pandemic.


========================================================================== Published in the journal JAMA Network Open, the study also found that
income and savings are the most dramatic predictors of depression symptoms
in the time of COVID.

"Depression in the general population after prior large scale traumatic
events has been observed to, at most, double," says study senior author
Dr. Sandro Galea, Dean and Robert A. Knox Professor at BUSPH, citing
examples such as September 11, the Ebola outbreak, and civil unrest in
Hong Kong.

"We were surprised to see these results at first, but other studies
since conducted suggest similar-scale mental health consequences,"
Galea says. These studies have mainly been conducted in Asia and focused
on specific populations such as healthcare workers and college students
(one such study found depression symptoms among half of Chinese healthcare workers who had treated COVID patients).

But the new BUSPH study is the first nationally-representative study
in the U.S. to assess the change in depression prevalence before and
during COVID using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ 9), the
leading self-administered depression screening tool.

The researchers used data from 5,065 respondents to the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and 1,441 respondents
from the COVID-19 Life Stressors Impact on Mental Health and Well-Being
(CLIMB) study, which was conducted from March 31 to April 13, 2020,
when 96% of the U.S. population was under stay-at-home advisories or shelter-in-place policies.



==========================================================================
Both surveys used the PHQ 9 to assess depression symptoms and gathered
the same demographic data, and the 2020 survey also gathered data on COVID-related stressors including job loss, the death of a friend or
loved one from COVID, and financial problems.

Across the board, the researchers found an increase in depression
symptoms among all demographic groups. Not surprisingly, experiencing
more COVID-related stressors was a major predictor of depression symptoms.

However, the biggest demographic difference came down to money. After
adjusting for all other demographics, the researchers found that, during
COVID, someone with less than $5,000 in savings was 50% more likely to
have depression symptoms than someone with more than $5,000.

"Persons who were already at risk before COVID-19, with fewer social
and economic resources, were more likely to report probable depression, suggesting that inequity may increase during this time and that health
gaps may widen," says study lead author Catherine Ettman, a doctoral
student at the Brown University School of Public Health and director of strategic development in the Office of the Dean at BUSPH.

"We would hope that these findings promote creating a society where a
robust safety net exists, where people have fair wages, where equitable policies and practices exist, and where families can not only live on
their income but can also save money towards the future," she says.

As COVID continues to grip the country, Ettman says, "There may be steps
that policymakers can take now to help reduce the impact of COVID-19
stressors on depression, such as eviction moratoria, providing universal
health insurance that is not tied to employment, and helping people
return to work safely for those able to do so." At the same time,
Ettman says she and her colleagues hope the study findings will also
help those who are experiencing depression in this incredibly difficult
time see that they are not alone: On the contrary, one in four U.S.

adults is probably going through the same thing.


========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by
Boston_University_School_of_Medicine. Note: Content may be edited for
style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Catherine K. Ettman, Salma M. Abdalla, Gregory H. Cohen, Laura
Sampson,
Patrick M. Vivier, Sandro Galea. Prevalence of Depression Symptoms
in US Adults Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Network
Open, 2020; 3 (9): e2019686 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19686 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/09/200902152202.htm

--- up 1 week, 2 days, 6 hours, 50 minutes
* Origin: -=> Castle Rock BBS <=- Now Husky HPT Powered! (1337:3/111)