A really long article about Google messaging apps on Ars Technica. Read the whole story at:
https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/08/a-decade-and-a-half-of-instability-the-history-of-google-messaging-apps/
Google Talk, Google's first-ever instant messaging platform, launched on August 24, 2005. This company has been in the messaging business for 16 years, meaning Google has been making messaging clients for longer than some of its rivals have existed. But thanks to a decade and a half of nearly constant strategy changes, competing product launches, and internal sabotage, you can't say Google has a dominant or even stable instant messaging platform today.
[...]
Because no single company has ever failed at something this badly, for this long, with this many different products (and because it has barely been a month since the rollout of Google Chat), the time has come to outline the history of Google messaging. Prepare yourselves, dear readers, for a non-stop rollercoaster of new product launches, neglected established products, unexpected shut-downs, and legions of confused, frustrated, and exiled users.
Table of Contents
    Google Talk (2005)—Google's first chat service, built on open protocols
      Google Talk ran Android's entire push notification system
      The slow death of GTalk
    Google Voice (2009)—SMS and Phone calls get a dose of the Internet
    Google Wave (2009)—An email killer from the future
      Nobody knew what Wave was for or how to use it
    Google Buzz (2010)—The non-consensual social network
    Slide’s Disco (2011)—An independent app escapes the Googleplex
    The Google+ Era (2011)—Google's social panic
      Google+ Hangouts video chat—The first Hangouts
      Google+ Huddle/Messenger—I guess we should have some kind of DM function
    A competitor emerges—iMessage has entered the chat
    One more competitor—WhatsApp is now worth $22 billion
    Google Docs Editor Chat (2013)—Just like Gmail chat, but not integrated with anything
    Google Hangouts (2013)—Google's greatest messaging service
      The death of Hangouts, unified Google messaging, and hope
    Google Spaces (2016)—A messaging app for Google I/O 2016 attendees
    Google Allo (2016)—Google's dead-on-arrival WhatsApp clone
      Allo's legacy: The Google Assistant
    Google Duo (2016)—A video companion app for... WhatsApp?
    Google (Hangouts) Meet (2017)—Not Zoom
    YouTube Messages (2017)—Yes, this was really a thing
    Google (Hangouts) Chat (2018)—Part 1: Cloning Slack is actually a good idea
    Google Maps Messages (2018)—Business messaging, now with the instability of Google
    Google & RCS (2019)—So we found this dusty old messaging standard in a closet...
      RCS is bad, and anyone who likes it should feel bad
    Google Photos Messages (2019)—You get a messaging feature! And YOU! And you!
    Google Stadia Messages (2020)—Two great tastes that taste great together
    Google Pay Messages (2021)—We actually learned nothing from Google Allo
    Google Assistant Messages (2021)—Text and voice chat, for families?
    Google Phone Messaging (2021)—Isn't this going a little too far?
    Google Chat, Part 2 (2021)—No wait, this is actually a consumer app now!
    Is anyone in charge at Google?
---
 * Origin: . (21:3/102)